Definitions of ecosystem services
Provisioning services provide true goods such as food, water, timber, fibres, fuel and other primary materials, as well as genetic material and ornamental species.
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Fresh water
Underground water, rainwater and surface water for domestic, industrial and agricultural use |
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Permanent and annual crops
Plants cultivated for food |
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Forage, pasture
Grassland for pasture and/or hay production for herbivores (mainly sheep, goats and cattle) and generally also for wild animals (such as deer) |
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Mushrooms, berries, non-woody products
Edible plant and non-plant species, such as mushrooms and berries, available to gather in largely forest areas |
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Raw materials (wood, fibres, etc.)
Wood
available for harvest from forests for uses such as timber and firewood |
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Medicinal plants
Plants containing active substances useful for therapies or production of medicines |
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Genetic resources
Genes and genetic information useful for animal husbandry, crop improvement and biotechnology |
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Faunistic resources
Hunting and fishing provide food, skins and trophies, and may be recreational or commercial, or to manage/control species |
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